This is a list of some common verbs, and the basic conjunctions. The first column gives the dictionary form, the second and third the -masu and -te forms.
|
上げる |
上げます |
上げて |
give, raise |
|
ageru |
agemasu |
agete |
|
|
開ける |
開けます |
開けて |
open |
|
akeru |
akemasu |
akete |
|
|
ある |
あります |
あって |
be, exist, have |
|
aru |
arimasu |
atte |
|
|
遊ぶ |
遊びます |
遊んで |
play |
|
asobu |
asobimasu |
asonde |
|
|
会う |
会います |
会って |
meet |
|
au |
aimasu |
atte |
|
|
違う |
違います |
違って |
differ, be mistaken |
|
chigau |
chigaimasu |
chigatte |
|
|
だ |
です |
で |
be (copula) |
|
da |
desu |
de |
|
|
出かける |
出かけます |
出かけて |
go out |
|
dekakeru |
dekakemasu |
dekakete |
|
|
できる |
できます |
できて |
can, be able, made of |
|
dekiru |
dekimasu |
dekite |
|
|
出る |
出ます |
出て |
go out, appear |
|
deru |
demasu |
dete |
|
|
降る |
降ります |
降って |
fall (rain, snow) |
|
furu |
furimasu |
futte |
|
|
ござる |
ございます |
ござって |
be, exist, have (formal) |
|
gozaru |
gozaimasu |
gozatte |
|
|
入る |
入ります |
入って |
go in, enter |
|
hairu |
hairimasu |
haitte |
|
|
始まる |
始まります |
始まって |
begin |
|
hajimaru |
hajimarimasu |
hajimatte |
|
|
話す |
話します |
話して |
speak, talk |
|
hanasu |
hanashimasu |
hanashite |
|
|
走る |
走ります |
走って |
run |
|
hashiru |
hashirimasu |
hashitte |
|
|
働く |
働きます |
働いて |
work |
|
hataraku |
hatarakimasu |
hataraite |
|
|
行く |
行きます |
行って |
go |
|
iku |
ikimasu |
itte |
|
|
生きる |
生きます |
生きて |
live, become alive |
|
ikiru |
ikimasu |
ikite |
|
|
いらっしゃる |
いらっしゃいます |
いらっしゃいて |
go, come, be (formal) |
|
irassharu |
irasshaimasu |
irasshatte |
|
|
入れる |
入れます |
入れて |
put in |
|
ireru |
iremasu |
irete |
|
|
いる |
います |
いて |
be, exist |
|
iru |
imasu |
ite |
|
|
いただく |
いただきます |
いただいて |
receive (polite) |
|
itadaku |
itadakimasu |
itadaite |
|
|
言う |
言います |
言って |
say, relate |
|
iu |
iimasu |
itte |
|
|
返る |
返ります |
返って |
return |
|
kaeru |
kaerimasu |
kaette |
|
|
かかる |
かかります |
かかって |
take (time) |
|
kakaru |
kakarimasu |
kakatte |
|
|
かける |
かけます |
かけて |
telephone |
|
kakeru |
kakemasu |
kakete |
|
|
書く |
書きます |
書いて |
write |
|
kaku |
kakimasu |
kaite |
|
|
考える |
考えます |
考えて |
think about, consider |
|
kangaeru |
kangaemasu |
kangaete |
|
|
借りる |
借ります |
借りて |
borrow, rent |
|
kariru |
karimasu |
karite |
|
|
貸す |
貸します |
貸して |
lend |
|
kasu |
kashimasu |
kashite |
|
|
買う |
買います |
買って |
buy, |
|
飼う |
飼います |
飼って |
possess (animals) |
|
kau |
kaimasu |
katte |
|
|
通う |
通います |
通って |
commute |
|
kayou |
kayoimasu |
kayotte |
|
|
聞く |
聞きます |
聞いて |
hear, ask |
|
kiku |
kikimasu |
kiite |
|
|
決める |
決めます |
決めて |
decide, fix, choose |
|
kimeru |
kimemasu |
kimete |
|
|
下さる |
下さいます |
下さって |
give to speaker (polite) |
|
kudasaru |
kudasaimasu |
kudasatte |
|
|
下る |
下ります |
下って |
descend, go down |
|
kudaru |
kudarimasu |
kudatte |
|
|
比べる |
比べます |
比べて |
compare |
|
kuraberu |
kurabemasu |
kurabete |
|
|
くれる |
くれます |
くれて |
give to speaker |
|
kureru |
kuremasu |
kurete |
|
|
来る |
来ます |
来て |
come |
|
kuru |
kimasu |
kite |
|
|
曲がる |
曲がります |
曲がって |
turn |
|
magaru |
magarimasu |
magatte |
|
|
待つ |
待ちます |
待って |
wait |
|
matsu |
machimasu |
matte |
|
|
見る |
見ます |
見て |
see, watch |
|
miru |
mimasu |
mite |
|
|
貰う |
貰います |
貰って |
receive |
|
morau |
moraimasu |
moratte |
|
|
持つ |
持ちます |
持って |
have, hold |
|
motsu |
mochimasu |
motte |
|
|
持って行く |
持って行きます |
持って行って |
take (to a place) |
|
motte iku |
motte ikimasu |
motte itte |
|
|
持って来る |
持って来ます |
持って来て |
bring |
|
motte kuru |
motte kimasu |
motte kite |
|
|
向ける |
向けます |
向けて |
turn |
|
mukeru |
mukemasu |
mukete |
|
|
なる |
なります |
なって |
become, get |
|
naru |
narimasu |
natte |
|
|
寝る |
寝ます |
寝て |
go to bed, sleep |
|
neru |
nemasu |
nete |
|
|
上る |
上ります |
上って |
rise, go up, climb |
|
noboru |
noborimasu |
nobotte |
|
|
飲む |
飲みます |
飲んで |
drink |
|
nomu |
nomimasu |
nonde |
|
|
塗る |
塗ります |
塗って |
paint |
|
nuru |
nurimasu |
nutte |
|
|
起きる |
起きます |
起きて |
get up, wake up |
|
okiru |
okimasu |
okite |
|
|
思う |
思います |
思って |
think |
|
omou |
omoimasu |
omotte |
|
|
下りる |
下ります |
下りて |
get off |
|
oriru |
orimasu |
orite |
|
|
教える |
教えます |
教えて |
teach, tell |
|
oshieru |
oshiemasu |
oshiete |
|
|
終る |
終ります |
終って |
end, finish |
|
owaru |
owarimasu |
owatte |
|
|
泳ぐ |
泳ぎます |
泳いで |
swim |
|
oyogu |
oyogimasu |
oyoide |
|
|
探す |
探します |
探して |
look for |
|
sagasu |
sagashimasu |
sagashite |
|
|
咲く |
咲きます |
咲いて |
bloom |
|
saku |
sakimasu |
saite |
|
|
差し上げる |
差し上げます |
差し上げて |
give (polite) |
|
sashiageru |
sashiagemasu |
sashiagete |
|
|
閉める |
閉めます |
閉めて |
close |
|
shimeru |
shimemasu |
shimete |
|
|
信じる |
信じます |
信じて |
believe |
|
shinjiru |
shinjimasu |
shinjite |
|
|
死ぬ |
死にます |
死んで |
die |
|
shinu |
shinimasu |
shinde |
|
|
住む |
住みます |
住んで |
live |
|
sumu |
sumimasu |
sunde |
|
|
する |
します |
して |
do |
|
suru |
shimasu |
shite |
|
|
座る |
座ります |
座って |
sit down |
|
suwaru |
suwarimasu |
suwatte |
|
|
食べる |
食べます |
食べて |
eat |
|
taberu |
tabemasu |
tabete |
|
|
飛ぶ |
飛びます |
飛んで |
fly, jump |
|
tobu |
tobimasu |
tonde |
|
|
泊まる |
泊まります |
泊まって |
stay overnight |
|
tomaru |
tomarimasu |
tomatte |
|
|
止まる |
止まります |
止まって |
stop, halt |
|
tomaru |
tomarimasu |
tomatte |
|
|
取る / 捕る |
取ります / 捕ります |
取って / 捕って |
get, win |
|
toru |
torimasu |
totte |
|
|
疲れる |
疲れます |
疲れて |
become tired |
|
tsukareru |
tsukaremasu |
tsukarete |
|
|
使う |
使います |
使って |
use |
|
tsukau |
tsukaimasu |
tsukatte |
|
|
作る |
作ります |
作って |
make |
|
tsukuru |
tsukurimasu |
tsukutte |
|
|
勤める |
勤めます |
勤めて |
be employed |
|
tsutomeru |
tsutomemasu |
tsutomete |
|
|
動く |
動きます |
動いて |
move, change |
|
ugoku |
ugokimasu |
ugoite |
|
|
産む |
産みます |
産んで |
produce |
|
umu |
umimasu |
unde |
|
|
生む |
生みます |
生んで |
give birth |
|
umu |
umimasu |
unde |
|
|
売る |
売ります |
売って |
sell |
|
uru |
urimasu |
utte |
|
|
わかる |
わかります |
わかって |
understand |
|
wakaru |
wakarimasu |
wakatte |
|
|
忘れる |
忘れます |
忘れて |
forget |
|
wasureru |
wasuremasu |
wasurete |
|
|
やる |
やります |
やって |
give (informal) |
|
yaru |
yarimasu |
yatte |
|
|
休む |
休みます |
休んで |
rest |
|
yasumu |
yasumimasu |
yasunde |
|
|
呼ぶ |
呼びます |
呼んで |
call |
|
yobu |
yobimasu |
yonde |
|
|
読む |
読みます |
読んで |
read |
|
yomu |
yomimasu |
yonde |
|
|
|
|
|
|
This page is a part of "Some Notes on Japanese Grammar"published for your personal use, with the kind permission of Keith Smillie (http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/)
Related posts:



12:27 pm on March 24th, 2012
Very nice list, although these are rather basic vocabulary terms. Would like to see it expanded to have more advanced vocab, and also switch to かな (ローマ字 is a bad idea imo).
1:58 pm on March 11th, 2012
So Fairy Eater, you claim to be ‘smarter then other people’ yet you’re still on a learning Japanese website? I wasn’t aware fluent speakers still needed to glance at vocabularly lists
5:22 pm on February 1st, 2012
This is a good list, but you should probably add the can forms, できる dekiru, 話せる hanaseru so on, due to some people not being aware they’re the same verb in a different form. But you don’t have to, I don’t mind being smarter than people
6:15 pm on September 26th, 2011
Thank you so much for this list!!
12:37 pm on January 17th, 2011
to anyone here, what does the phrase ‘doushite kudasai’ means?? [i've heard it in an anime] i know that doushite means ‘why’ or (something like that); while ‘kudasai’ is added to a sentence to make it sound polite.. [am i right there?]
but ‘doushite kudasai’ is quite confusing.. help me out please
domo arigato XD
12:30 pm on January 17th, 2011
8:50 pm on January 8th, 2011
hajimaru is an intransitive verb: something begins; something is the topic or subject
hajimeru is a transitive verb: someone begins to do something; if “something” is a noun, it is the direct object
eiga ga hajimaru– the movie begins
kanojo wa piano no ressun o hajimeru– she begins (taking) piano lessons
In Japanese, there are often two separate verbs, one transitive and one intransitive, for which we use the same word in English. They can’t generally be obtained from each other by any simple rule (such as “change -aru to -eru” ). Examples: aku– (something) opens; akeru– open (something); ochiru– (something) falls; otosu– drop (something).
8:24 pm on January 8th, 2011
This list has it listed as hajimaru… but what’s the difference between that and hajimeru? I’ve heard both… so unless I’m hearing it wrong. IS there a difference? If so, what is it? Thanks for the list!
3:56 am on August 1st, 2010
Sorry,オニさん、I was not clear. At first I was confused,but because I know 、already、 買う I understood that they spell [in roomaji and in kana ] the same. Probably,to avoid unnecessary explanation,it is worth your while to put roomaji under that also、 ね。
Thank you anyway. よろしくお願いします。
3:25 am on August 1st, 2010
Both of these verbs are pronounced kau. The first one means “buy.” The second one can mean raising or taking care of animals, as well as possessing them. [This was brought up back in March 2009, if you look at earlier messages; I am just repeating the answer I made then.]
2:13 am on August 1st, 2010
tonyさん、ありがとう。
Also sorry for my poor English.It is not my native language.Please correct my English too.
Tanks in advance.
2:00 am on August 1st, 2010
irassharu and kudaru belong to a special class of verbs used in keigo (very polite language). These often have somewhat irregular forms. Yes, both of these are exceptions.
1:29 am on August 1st, 2010
In the verb page you say:’Notice that in the polite form, “ru” changes to “ri” before the “masu” ending is added (if they were ichidan verbs, the “ru” would be dropped instead).’
On this page:いらっしゃる いらっしゃいます.
下さる 下さいます
This are godan verbs. Is it an exception?
Also you missing ローマジ under 買う so I got a little confused.
Otherwise this list is a big help for newbies like myself.
サイトーは 一番です。皆さん、どうもありがとございます。
2:11 am on June 23rd, 2010
This is wonderful!!! : )
5:38 am on April 4th, 2010
oh so many! and thanx thanx thanx for putting them in all 3 forms! most sites dont do that…
1:57 pm on October 13th, 2009
This list is very helpful to learn basic verbs. I will try to memorize the verbs.
7:38 pm on September 6th, 2009
I posted, expecting to have to ask for this, but I didn’t have to. The kanji is even there! I love this site.
5:28 am on March 30th, 2009
kakanakute is a different inflection of kaku. The negative is kakanai, which inflects further like an adjective, so the negative continuative (the negative te form) is kakanakute– that is, “i” changes to “kute” to form the continuative. Unfortunately, I wasn’t able to locate the page where you say kakanakute occurs, so I can’t check whether it is being used correctly there.
5:14 am on March 30th, 2009
Ohhh, I see! Thank you.
And, well, the -te form lsited here and the one on another page are differente. For ‘writing’, there’s ‘kaite’ here, and ‘kakanakute’ (I think) on the (I think) permission page.
11:36 pm on March 29th, 2009
Both of these verbs are pronounced kau. The first one means “buy.” The second one can mean raising or taking care of animals, as well as possessing them.
11:31 pm on March 29th, 2009
Buy/Possess(animals) is missing the romaji. It’s easily findable with the dictionary, but it’d be nice to have the definite pronunciation. Thank-you for this wonderful page. :]
5:22 pm on February 26th, 2009
Thanks for the verb list, and for including the corresponding kanji.
4:14 am on February 22nd, 2009
Alynne-san, please take a look at the page on present and past polite forms, http://www.studyjapanese.org/content/view/53/60/
2:35 am on February 22nd, 2009
what’s the -masu form used for??
12:13 pm on January 16th, 2009
good idea writing down verbs like this, nice one